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Archive

The digital archive of the Gunskirchen Memorial Site contains photographs, documents, contemporary witnesses' accounts, audio recordings, videos, and a list of sources.

The collection includes historical documents, images, and other materials related to the history of the Gunskirchen satellite camp. Content can be searched by era, topic, and keyword.

References

Quellenverzeichnis

Literatur, Archivquellen und Interviews: das vollständige Verzeichnis aller Quellen, auf die sich die Texte der Website stützen – mit Verweisen auf die Textstellen, in denen sie belegt sind.

Documents, Texts

Titelseite der Broschüre GEH-DENK-SPUREN

GO THERE AND REMEMBER – accompanying brochure

Brochure accompanying the three-day memorial hike GO THERE AND REMEMBER along the death-march route from Mauthausen to Gunskirchen – available as PDF in German and English.

Images, Texts

Handschriften von Rachel und Daniel Chanoch, Englisch und Hebräisch

Handwriting by Rachel and Daniel Chanoch

Rachel Chanoch, the widow of survivor Daniel Chanoch, wrote down her words on the Gunskirchen Memorial in English. Alongside it stands a Hebrew text by Daniel Chanoch himself.

Images, Texts

Handwritten testimony by Avigdor Neumann, 29 September 2026, Hebrew original

Handwritten testimony by Avigdor Neumann

On 29 September 2026, Avigdor Neumann wrote down his memories of persecution, deportation and liberation, together with his appeal against antisemitism, in Hebrew.

References

71st Infantry Division Report 1945

71st Infantry Division documents relating to the liberation of Gunskirchen: 71st Infantry Division Report, 6 May 1945. Author unknown. USHMM Collections. Accession Number: 1994.A.0228, RG Number: RG-09.024.

References

Adler 1994

Sinai Adler: Your Rod and Your Staff, A Young Man’s Chronicle of Survival. Jerusalem: Feldheim Pub 1994.

References

Aschauer/Kastner 2007

Anton Aschauer; Wolfram Kastner: Furchtbare Wege. Der Todesmarsch ungarischer Juden durch den Bezirk Kirchdorf. [Terrible paths. The death march of Hungarian Jews through the district of Kirchdorf.] Kirchdorf 2007.

References

Baumgartner/Kropf 2002

Andreas Baumgartner; Rudolf Kropf: ‘Man hat halt mit dem leben müssen.’ Nebenlager des KZ Mauthausen in der Wahrnehmung der Lokalbevölkerung. [‘One had to live with it’: The secondary camps of Mauthausen in the perception of the local population.] Final report of a research project conducted by Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ). Vienna 2002.

References

Bernt-Koppensteiner 2015

Ines Bernt-Koppensteiner (ed.): Nirgendwohin. Todesmärsche durch Oberösterreich 1945. Eine Spurensuche in die Zukunft. [To nowhere. Death marches through Upper Austria in 1945. Looking for clues in the future.] Steyr 2015.

References

Burger 2019

Yvonne Burger: Das vergessene Lager. Das ehemalige Waldlager Gunskirchen. [The forgotten camp. The former forest camp Gunskirchen.] Master’s thesis. Vienna 2019.

References

Chanoch/Gordin/Lieblich 2021

Daniel Chanoch; Arik Gordin; Amia Lieblich; Rachel Chanoch: Erzählen um zu leben. Das Leben ist eine Frage von Sekunden und Millimetern. [Tell to live. Life hinges on seconds and millimetres.] Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ)/Austrian Association of Mauthausen Survivors (ÖLM) (ed.). Vienna 2021.

References

Wels police station chronicles

Extract from the Wels police station chronicles concerning the construction of the Gunskirchen camp and the arrival of Hungarian Jews in the camp on 17 and 28 April 1945. Mauthausen Memorial Archive, MM_J_05_09.

References

Eger 2017

Edith Eger: The Choice: A True Story of Survival, Resilience, and the Power of Hope. Ebury Digital 2017.

References

Fath-Gottinger 2006

Doris Fath-Gottinger: Die ungarischen Juden auf ihrem Todesmarsch in das KZ Gunskirchen [The Hungarian Jews on their death march to Gunskirchen concentration camp]. Dissertation, University of Linz 2006. Volume 2.

References

Freund 2006

Florian Freund: Gunskirchen (Wels I). In: Wolfgang Benz; Barbara Distel (ed.): Der Ort des Terrors [The Place of Terror]. Volume 4: Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück. Munich 2006.

References

Freund/Perz/Spoerer 2004

Florian Freund; Bertrand Perz; Mark Spoerer: Zwangsarbeiter und Zwangsarbeiterinnen auf dem Gebiet der Republik Österreich 1939–1945. [Forced labourers in the territory of the Republic of Austria 1939–1945.] Volume 26/1 of the publications of the Austrian Historical Commission. Vienna, Munich 2004.

References

Kammerstätter 1972

Peter Kammerstätter: Der Todesmarsch ungarischer Juden von Mauthausen nach Gunskirchen im April 1945 [The Death March of Hungarian Jews from Mauthausen to Gunskirchen in April 1945]. Collection of material, Linz 1972.

References

Kranebitter 2012

Andreas Kranebitter: Zahlen als Zeugen. Soziologische Analysen der Häftlingsgesellschaft des KZ Mauthausen. [Figures as witnesses. Sociological analyses of the prisoner community of Mauthausen concentration camp.] Mauthausen-Studien, Volume 9. Vienna new academic press 2012.

References

Kraus 2016

Michael Kraus: Drawing the Holocaust: A Teenager’s Memory of Terezin, Birkenau, and Mauthausen. Hebrew Union College Press 2016.

Video source

Krönes/Weigensamer 2023 (A Boy’s Life)

Christian Krönes; Florian Weigensamer: A Boy’s Life. Documentary film AT 2023. According to Angelika Schlackl: KZ Gunskirchen – ‘Waldlager’. [Gunskirchen concentration camp – ‘the forest camp’.] In: betrifft widerstand. [regarding resistance.] The journal published by the Zeitgeschichte Museum und KZ-Gedenkstätte Ebensee (Museum for Contemporary History and Ebensee Memorial), no. 148 (December 2023).

References

Lappin-Eppel 2010

Eleonore Lappin-Eppel: Ungarisch-jüdische Zwangsarbeiter und Zwangsarbeiterinnen in Österreich 1944/45. Arbeitseinsätze – Todesmärsche – Folgen. [Hungarian Jewish Forced Labourers in Austria 1944/1945. Labour Deployment – Death Marches – Consequences.] Vienna 2010.

References

Lowy 2011

Alexander Lowy: I am a Survivor. A Memoir by Alexander Lowy. Sydney: Sydney Jewish Museum 2011.

References

Maršálek 1995

Hans Maršálek: The History of Mauthausen Concentration Camp. Vienna 1995.

References

Müller 2014

Therese Müller: Als junge ungarische Jüdin im Holocaust. Aus Jászberény durch Auschwitz, das KZ-Außenlager Walldorf beim Flughafen Frankfurt am Main, Ravensbrück, Mauthausen und Gunskirchen nach Schweden 1925–2007. [Experiencing the Holocaust as a young Hungarian Jew. From Jászberény via Auschwitz, the satellite camp Walldorf at Frankfurt am Main Airport, Ravensbrück, Mauthausen and Gunskirchen to Sweden 1925–2007.] Konstanz 2014.

References

OÖLA, Black Cross 1946

Upper Austrian Provincial Archives (OÖLA), Austrian Black Cross (ÖSK) [War Graves Commission]: letter 8, Lambach police station to the security directorate in Linz and the district authority of Wels, mass grave in Hochholz, municipality of Edt bei Lambach, 16/09/1946

References

NA, RG 260 (1946) / Tweraser 1997

U.S. National Archives (NA), RG 260, IADP, PS Upper Austria, F 82, Rupertsberger, security director of Upper Austria, to the provincial military government of Upper Austria, concentration camp graves in Edt bei Lambach, district of Wels, 20/9/1946. Quoted from: Tweraser, Sie sind da, wir sind frei! Vive l'Americansky! [Kurt Tweraser, They’re here, we’re free! Long live the Americans!] In: The Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance (DÖW) yearbook 1997.

References

Prenninger 2022

Alexander Prenninger: Das letzte Lager. Evakuierungstransporte und Todesmärsche in der Endphase des KZ-Komplexes Mauthausen. [The Last Camp: Evacuation transports and death marches in the final phase of the Mauthausen concentration camp complex.] Mauthausen-Studien, Volume 16. Vienna 2022.

References

Salzmann 2012

Alexander Salzmann: Literaturrecherche und Zusammenfassung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes zu ungarisch-jüdischen ZwangsarbeiterInnen am Südostwall, in Strasshof und im KZ Gunskirchen sowie Sichtung und Zusammenfassung der für das Thema relevanten Prozessakten [Literature review and summary of the current research status of Hungarian Jewish forced labourers at the Südostwall, in Strasshof and at Gunskirchen concentration camp, as well as review and summary of the relevant case files for the topic]. Final report on behalf of the Verein für Gedenken und Geschichtsforschung in österreichischen KZ-Gedenkstätten (Organisation for Remembrance and Historical Research in Austria’s Concentration Camp Memorials). Vienna 2012.

References

Schlackl 2023 (betrifft widerstand)

Angelika Schlackl: KZ Gunskirchen – ‘Waldlager’. [Gunskirchen concentration camp – ‘the forest camp’.] In: betrifft widerstand [regarding resistance], the journal published by the Zeitgeschichte Museum und KZ-Gedenkstätte Ebensee (Museum for Contemporary History and Ebensee Memorial), no. 148 (December 2023).

References

Schlackl 2026 (manuscript)

Angelika Schlackl: Das Judenlager im Wald und wovon man nicht spricht. [The Jewish camp in the forest and what we don’t talk about.] “No doubt that we have been sent here to die.” Eva Edith Eger, unpublished manuscript, St. Marien 2026.

References

Schlackl 2023 (Das Judenlager im Wald)

Angelika Schlackl: Das Judenlager im Wald und wovon man nicht lieber spricht. [The Jewish camp in the forest and what we rather not talk about.] Unpublished work 2023.

References

Schlackl 2025 (GO THERE AND REMEMBER)

Angelika Schlackl: GO THERE AND REMEMBER. Brochure to accompany GO THERE AND REMEMBER – a three-day hike remembering the death marches from Mauthausen/Gusen to Gunskirchen. KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen/Mauthausen Memorial 2025.

References

Schmitz 2014 (Süddeutsche Zeitung)

Thorsten Schmitz: Lebenslang [Lifelong]. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 27/28 December 2014. According to Angelika Schlackl: KZ Gunskirchen – ‘Waldlager’. [Gunskirchen concentration camp – ‘the forest camp’.] In: betrifft widerstand. [regarding resistance.] The journal published by the Zeitgeschichte Museum und KZ-Gedenkstätte Ebensee (Museum for Contemporary History and Ebensee Memorial), no. 148 (December 2023).

References

Theune 2011 (archaeological survey)

Claudia Theune: Report on the archaeological survey on the site of the former Gunskirchen concentration camp/satellite camp. Task number: 51115.11.1, not published. Vienna 2011. Following: Theune 2020.

Video source

Interview Bernard Freilich

USHMM: RG-50.462.0239. Oral history interview with Bernard Freilich. The Gratz College Holocaust Oral History Archive. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1984.

Video source

Interview Hugo Gabriel Gryn

IWM: Catalogue number 9280. Interview with Hugo Gabriel Gryn. Interview by Conrad Wood. Imperial War Museums. London 1986.

Video source

Interview Jehuda Gurvich

MKÖ: Interview with Jehuda Gurvich. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ). Vienna 2017.

Video source

Interview Shaul Spielmann

MKÖ: Interview with Shaul Spielmann. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ). Vienna 2017.

Video source

MKÖ: Walk of Solidarity

MKÖ: Walk of Solidarity. Walk with survivors at the site of the former Gunskirchen satellite camp. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ). Vienna 2017.

Video source

MKÖ: Conversation with Daniel Chanoch

MKÖ: Conversation with contemporary witness Daniel Chanoch. In remembrance of Gunskirchen. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ). Vienna 2022.

Video source

Interview Daniel Chanoch

MKÖ/ORF: Interview with Daniel Chanoch. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ)/Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (ORF). Vienna 2016.

Video source

Interview Meta Synok

MKÖ/ORF: Interview with Meta Synok. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ)/Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (ORF). Vienna 1982.

Video source

Interview Shaul Spielmann

MKÖ/ORF: Interview with Shaul Spielmann. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ)/Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (ORF). Vienna 2016.

Video source

Interview Michael Kraus

USC Shoah Foundation: Interview 15962. Oral history interview with Michael Kraus. Interview by Jill Greenberg. Visual History Archive. USC Shoah Foundation. Los Angeles 2006.

Video source

Interview Horace Berry

USHMM: RG-50.166.0005. Oral history interview with Horace Berry. The South Carolina Council on the Holocaust and South Carolina Educational Television. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1991.

Video source

Interview Helen Balsam

USHMM: RG-50.233.0003. Oral history interview with Helen Balsam. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum ID Card Project. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1992.

Video source

Interview Irving Balsam

USHMM: RG-50.233.0004. Oral history interview with Irving Balsam. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum ID Card Project. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1992.

Video source

Interview Floyd Dade

USHMM: RG-50.477.0110. Oral history interview with Floyd Dade. The Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1996.

Video source

Interview Edith Eva Eger

USHMM: RG-50.477.0123. Oral history interview with Edith Eva Eger. The Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1992.

Video source

Interview George Heller

USHMM: RG-50.477.1479. Oral history interview with George Heller. The Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 2006.

Video source

Interview Nicholas Halmay

USHMM: RG-50.583.0019. Oral history interview with Nicholas Halmay. The Australian Jewish Historical Society. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC [undated].

Video source

USHMM: Film footage RG-60.1269

USHMM: RG-60.1269. War victims; Flossenbuerg liberated; camp survivors and medics; women at Lenzing; burning belongings at 121st Evac Hospital; digging graves. National Archives & Records Administration. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1945.

Video source

Interview Michael Kraus

USHMM: RG-90.245.0004. Oral history interview with Michael Kraus. Gift of Aaron and Esther Cohen. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 2016.

References

Bacon/Lütz 2016

Bacon, Jehuda; Lütz, Manfred: „Solange wir leben, müssen wir uns entscheiden.“ Leben nach Auschwitz. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus 2016.

References

Fischer/Fisher/Führer 2017

Fischer, Joseph; Fisher, David u. Führer, Gerhard [Hg.]: Die Himmel waren vermauert. The Heavens were Walled in. Wien: new academic press 2017.

Video · Station 4

Floyd Dade – Soldier in the 71st Infantry Division recounts the liberation of the Gunskirchen satellite camp

Liberation

Source: Interview Floyd Dade

Video · Station 4

Horace Berry – Soldier in the 71st Infantry Division recounts the liberation of the Gunskirchen satellite camp

Liberation

Source: Interview Horace Berry

Video · Station 4

Shaul Spielmann – Speech at the U.S. Army memorial stone during the “Walk of Solidarity” as part of the liberation ceremony

Liberation

Source: Interview Shaul Spielmann

Video · Station 4

Yehuda Gurvich – Speech at the remains of the latrines during the “Walk of Solidarity” as part of the liberation ceremony

Liberation

Source: Interview Jehuda Gurvich

Reading

Death march to Gunskirchen

Edith Eger
read in German by Adele Neuhauser

2:37

Transcript and source

Reading

The days and weeks after the liberation

Edith Eger
read in German by Adele Neuhauser

20:29

Transcript and source

Reading

The Mauthausen concentration camp

Daniel Chanoch
read in German by Katharina Stemberger

4:59

Transcript and source

Reading

The tent camp at Mauthausen concentration camp

Daniel Chanoch
read in German by Katharina Stemberger

2:34

Transcript and source

Reading

The way to Gunskirchen

Daniel Chanoch
read in German by Katharina Stemberger

1:19

Transcript and source

Reading

Parcels from the Red Cross

Michael Kraus
read in German by Chris Pichler

2:20

Transcript and source

Reading

Leaving for Gunskirchen

Therese Müller
read in German by Konstanze Breitebner

11:44

Transcript and source

Reading

The Gunskirchen camp

Therese Müller
read in German by Konstanze Breitebner

5:18

Transcript and source

Reading

Building the South-East Wall

Stephan Virányi
read in German by Mercedes Echerer

5:41

Transcript and source

Reading

Mauthausen concentration camp

Stephan Virányi
read in German by Mercedes Echerer

5:28

Transcript and source

Reading

The death marches to the Gunskirchen satellite camp

Stephan Virányi
read in German by Mercedes Echerer

6:11

Transcript and source

Reading

The Gunskirchen camp

Stephan Virányi
read in German by Mercedes Echerer

6:18

Transcript and source

Reading

Der Weg nach Gunskirchen

Joseph Fisher
read in German by Manuel Rubey

1:32

Transcript and source

Reading

Ein Stück Fleisch im Wald

Joseph Fisher
read in German by Manuel Rubey

2:54

Transcript and source

Reading

Mauthausen concentration camp

Pal Bacs
read in German by Cornelius Obonya

3:38

Transcript and source

Reading

Everyday life in the camp

Pal Bacs
read in German by Cornelius Obonya

4:16

Transcript and source

Reading

The days after the liberation

Pal Bacs
read in German by Cornelius Obonya

5:20

Transcript and source