Quellenverzeichnis

Literatur

• Sinai Adler: Your Rod and Your Staff, A Young Man’s Chronicle of Survival. Jerusalem: Feldheim Pub 1994.
• Anton Aschauer; Wolfram Kastner: Furchtbare Wege. Der Todesmarsch ungarischer Juden durch den Bezirk Kirchdorf. [Terrible paths. The death march of Hungarian Jews through the district of Kirchdorf.] Kirchdorf 2007. belegt in Station 1, Station 4, Station 5
• Andreas Baumgartner; Rudolf Kropf: ‘Man hat halt mit dem leben müssen.’ Nebenlager des KZ Mauthausen in der Wahrnehmung der Lokalbevölkerung. [‘One had to live with it’: The secondary camps of Mauthausen in the perception of the local population.] Final report of a research project conducted by Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ). Vienna 2002. belegt in Station 2, Station 4
• Ines Bernt-Koppensteiner (ed.): Nirgendwohin. Todesmärsche durch Oberösterreich 1945. Eine Spurensuche in die Zukunft. [To nowhere. Death marches through Upper Austria in 1945. Looking for clues in the future.] Steyr 2015.
• Yvonne Burger: Das vergessene Lager. Das ehemalige Waldlager Gunskirchen. [The forgotten camp. The former forest camp Gunskirchen.] Master’s thesis. Vienna 2019. belegt in Station 1, Station 2, Station 3, Station 4
• Daniel Chanoch; Arik Gordin; Amia Lieblich; Rachel Chanoch: Erzählen um zu leben. Das Leben ist eine Frage von Sekunden und Millimetern. [Tell to live. Life hinges on seconds and millimetres.] Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ)/Austrian Association of Mauthausen Survivors (ÖLM) (ed.). Vienna 2021. belegt in Station 1, Station 4
• Edith Eger: The Choice: A True Story of Survival, Resilience, and the Power of Hope. Ebury Digital 2017. belegt in Station 3
• Doris Fath-Gottinger: Die ungarischen Juden auf ihrem Todesmarsch in das KZ Gunskirchen [The Hungarian Jews on their death march to Gunskirchen concentration camp]. Dissertation, University of Linz 2006. Volume 2. belegt in Station 2
• Florian Freund: Gunskirchen (Wels I). In: Wolfgang Benz; Barbara Distel (ed.): Der Ort des Terrors [The Place of Terror]. Volume 4: Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück. Munich 2006.
• Florian Freund; Bertrand Perz; Mark Spoerer: Zwangsarbeiter und Zwangsarbeiterinnen auf dem Gebiet der Republik Österreich 1939–1945. [Forced labourers in the territory of the Republic of Austria 1939–1945.] Volume 26/1 of the publications of the Austrian Historical Commission. Vienna, Munich 2004. belegt in Station 2
• Peter Kammerstätter: Der Todesmarsch ungarischer Juden von Mauthausen nach Gunskirchen im April 1945 [The Death March of Hungarian Jews from Mauthausen to Gunskirchen in April 1945]. Collection of material, Linz 1972. belegt in Station 1, Station 2, Station 3, Station 4
• Andreas Kranebitter: Zahlen als Zeugen. Soziologische Analysen der Häftlingsgesellschaft des KZ Mauthausen. [Figures as witnesses. Sociological analyses of the prisoner community of Mauthausen concentration camp.] Mauthausen-Studien, Volume 9. Vienna new academic press 2012. belegt in Station 2, Station 3
• Michael Kraus: Drawing the Holocaust: A Teenager’s Memory of Terezin, Birkenau, and Mauthausen. Hebrew Union College Press 2016. belegt in Station 3
• Eleonore Lappin-Eppel: Ungarisch-jüdische Zwangsarbeiter und Zwangsarbeiterinnen in Österreich 1944/45. Arbeitseinsätze – Todesmärsche – Folgen. [Hungarian Jewish Forced Labourers in Austria 1944/1945. Labour Deployment – Death Marches – Consequences.] Vienna 2010. belegt in Station 2, Station 3, Station 4
• Alexander Lowy: I am a Survivor. A Memoir by Alexander Lowy. Sydney: Sydney Jewish Museum 2011. belegt in Station 3
• Wolfgang Mairinger; Angelika Schlackl: GO THERE AND REMEMBER, Death Marches of Jewish people from Mauthausen to Gunskirchen, touring exhibition 2020.
• Hans Maršálek: The History of Mauthausen Concentration Camp. Vienna 1995.
• Therese Müller: Als junge ungarische Jüdin im Holocaust. Aus Jászberény durch Auschwitz, das KZ-Außenlager Walldorf beim Flughafen Frankfurt am Main, Ravensbrück, Mauthausen und Gunskirchen nach Schweden 1925–2007. [Experiencing the Holocaust as a young Hungarian Jew. From Jászberény via Auschwitz, the satellite camp Walldorf at Frankfurt am Main Airport, Ravensbrück, Mauthausen and Gunskirchen to Sweden 1925–2007.] Konstanz 2014. belegt in Station 3
• Alexander Prenninger: Das letzte Lager. Evakuierungstransporte und Todesmärsche in der Endphase des KZ-Komplexes Mauthausen. [The Last Camp: Evacuation transports and death marches in the final phase of the Mauthausen concentration camp complex.] Mauthausen-Studien, Volume 16. Vienna 2022. belegt in Station 2
• Alexander Salzmann: Literaturrecherche und Zusammenfassung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes zu ungarisch-jüdischen ZwangsarbeiterInnen am Südostwall, in Strasshof und im KZ Gunskirchen sowie Sichtung und Zusammenfassung der für das Thema relevanten Prozessakten [Literature review and summary of the current research status of Hungarian Jewish forced labourers at the Südostwall, in Strasshof and at Gunskirchen concentration camp, as well as review and summary of the relevant case files for the topic]. Final report on behalf of the Verein für Gedenken und Geschichtsforschung in österreichischen KZ-Gedenkstätten (Organisation for Remembrance and Historical Research in Austria’s Concentration Camp Memorials). Vienna 2012. belegt in Station 2, Station 3
• Angelika Schlackl: KZ Gunskirchen – ‘Waldlager’. [Gunskirchen concentration camp – ‘the forest camp’.] In: betrifft widerstand [regarding resistance], the journal published by the Zeitgeschichte Museum und KZ-Gedenkstätte Ebensee (Museum for Contemporary History and Ebensee Memorial), no. 148 (December 2023). belegt in Station 1, Station 2, Station 3, Station 4, Station 5
• Angelika Schlackl: Das Judenlager im Wald und wovon man nicht spricht. [The Jewish camp in the forest and what we don’t talk about.] “No doubt that we have been sent here to die.” Eva Edith Eger, unpublished manuscript, St. Marien 2026.
• Angelika Schlackl: Das Judenlager im Wald und wovon man nicht lieber spricht. [The Jewish camp in the forest and what we rather not talk about.] Unpublished work 2023. belegt in Station 2
• Angelika Schlackl: GO THERE AND REMEMBER. Brochure to accompany GO THERE AND REMEMBER – a three-day hike remembering the death marches from Mauthausen/Gusen to Gunskirchen. KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen/Mauthausen Memorial 2025. belegt in Station 4
• Thorsten Schmitz: Lebenslang [Lifelong]. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 27/28 December 2014. According to Angelika Schlackl: KZ Gunskirchen – ‘Waldlager’. [Gunskirchen concentration camp – ‘the forest camp’.] In: betrifft widerstand. [regarding resistance.] The journal published by the Zeitgeschichte Museum und KZ-Gedenkstätte Ebensee (Museum for Contemporary History and Ebensee Memorial), no. 148 (December 2023). belegt in Station 4
• Claudia Theune: Report on the archaeological survey on the site of the former Gunskirchen concentration camp/satellite camp. Task number: 51115.11.1, not published. Vienna 2011. Following: Theune 2020. belegt in Station 5
• USHMM Collections, U.S. Army (ed.): The Seventy-First Came … To Gunskirchen Lager. Augsburg 1945. belegt in Station 3, Station 4
• Bacon, Jehuda; Lütz, Manfred: „Solange wir leben, müssen wir uns entscheiden.“ Leben nach Auschwitz. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus 2016.
• Fischer, Joseph; Fisher, David u. Führer, Gerhard [Hg.]: Die Himmel waren vermauert. The Heavens were Walled in. Wien: new academic press 2017.

Archivquellen

• 71st Infantry Division documents relating to the liberation of Gunskirchen: 71st Infantry Division Report, 6 May 1945. Author unknown. USHMM Collections. Accession Number: 1994.A.0228, RG Number: RG-09.024.
• Pal Bacs: Partial copy of Pal Bacs’ diary. Mauthausen Memorial Archive, MM_B_11_14. belegt in Station 3
• Extract from the Wels police station chronicles concerning the construction of the Gunskirchen camp and the arrival of Hungarian Jews in the camp on 17 and 28 April 1945. Mauthausen Memorial Archive, MM_J_05_09. belegt in Station 2, Station 3, Station 4
• Gunskirchen municipal chronicles. Private collection of Helmut Edelmayr. belegt in Station 2, Station 3
• Upper Austrian Provincial Archives (OÖLA), Austrian Black Cross (ÖSK) [War Graves Commission]: letter 8, Lambach police station to the security directorate in Linz and the district authority of Wels, mass grave in Hochholz, municipality of Edt bei Lambach, 16/09/1946
• U.S. National Archives (NA), RG 260, IADP, PS Upper Austria, F 82, Rupertsberger, security director of Upper Austria, to the provincial military government of Upper Austria, concentration camp graves in Edt bei Lambach, district of Wels, 20/9/1946. Quoted from: Tweraser, Sie sind da, wir sind frei! Vive l'Americansky! [Kurt Tweraser, They’re here, we’re free! Long live the Americans!] In: The Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance (DÖW) yearbook 1997. belegt in Station 3, Station 4

Videos und Interviews

• USHMM: RG-50.462.0239. Oral history interview with Bernard Freilich. The Gratz College Holocaust Oral History Archive. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1984. belegt in Station 3
• IWM: Catalogue number 9280. Interview with Hugo Gabriel Gryn. Interview by Conrad Wood. Imperial War Museums. London 1986. belegt in Station 1, Station 2, Station 4
• MKÖ: Interview with Jehuda Gurvich. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ). Vienna 2017. belegt in Station 1, Station 3, Station 4
• MKÖ: Interview with Shaul Spielmann. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ). Vienna 2017. belegt in Station 1, Station 2, Station 3, Station 4
• MKÖ: Walk of Solidarity. Walk with survivors at the site of the former Gunskirchen satellite camp. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ). Vienna 2017.
• MKÖ: Conversation with contemporary witness Daniel Chanoch. In remembrance of Gunskirchen. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ). Vienna 2022.
• MKÖ/ORF: Interview with Daniel Chanoch. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ)/Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (ORF). Vienna 2016. belegt in Station 3, Station 4
• MKÖ/ORF: Interview with Meta Synok. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ)/Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (ORF). Vienna 1982. belegt in Station 4
• MKÖ/ORF: Interview with Shaul Spielmann. Mauthausen Committee Austria (MKÖ)/Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (ORF). Vienna 2016.
• USC Shoah Foundation: Interview 15962. Oral history interview with Michael Kraus. Interview by Jill Greenberg. Visual History Archive. USC Shoah Foundation. Los Angeles 2006. belegt in Station 1, Station 3, Station 4
• USHMM: RG-50.166.0005. Oral history interview with Horace Berry. The South Carolina Council on the Holocaust and South Carolina Educational Television. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1991. belegt in Station 4
• USHMM: RG-50.233.0003. Oral history interview with Helen Balsam. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum ID Card Project. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1992. belegt in Station 1, Station 2, Station 3, Station 4
• USHMM: RG-50.233.0004. Oral history interview with Irving Balsam. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum ID Card Project. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1992. belegt in Station 3, Station 4
• USHMM: RG-50.477.0110. Oral history interview with Floyd Dade. The Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1996. belegt in Station 4
• USHMM: RG-50.477.0123. Oral history interview with Edith Eva Eger. The Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1992. belegt in Station 1
• USHMM: RG-50.477.1479. Oral history interview with George Heller. The Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 2006. belegt in Station 3, Station 4
• USHMM: RG-50.583.0019. Oral history interview with Nicholas Halmay. The Australian Jewish Historical Society. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC [undated]. belegt in Station 1, Station 2, Station 3, Station 4
• USHMM: RG-60.1269. War victims; Flossenbuerg liberated; camp survivors and medics; women at Lenzing; burning belongings at 121st Evac Hospital; digging graves. National Archives & Records Administration. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 1945. belegt in Station 4
• USHMM: RG-90.245.0004. Oral history interview with Michael Kraus. Gift of Aaron and Esther Cohen. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC 2016.
• Yad Vashem: My Father’s Last Request: The Story of David (Dugo) Leitner. The International School for Holocaust Studies Yad Vashem. Jerusalem 2023.

Filme

• Christian Krönes; Florian Weigensamer: A Boy’s Life. Documentary film AT 2023. According to Angelika Schlackl: KZ Gunskirchen – ‘Waldlager’. [Gunskirchen concentration camp – ‘the forest camp’.] In: betrifft widerstand. [regarding resistance.] The journal published by the Zeitgeschichte Museum und KZ-Gedenkstätte Ebensee (Museum for Contemporary History and Ebensee Memorial), no. 148 (December 2023).
• Zimerman, Moshe: Pizza in Auschwitz. Trabelsi Productions. Israel 2008.

Online-Quellen

• https://capitalpunishmentuk.org/persons-hanged-after-world-war-ii-under-us-jurisdiction/ [accessed on 27/03/2026]. belegt in Station 4
• USHMM Collections (no date): Description of photo PA1046188. USHMM Collections Search. Last accessed on 18/06/2026 at https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1046188. And: USHMM Collections (no date): Description of photo PA 1046186. USHMM Collections Search. Last accessed on 18/06/2026 at https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1046186. belegt in Station 4

Quellen der Biografien

• https://mek.oszk.hu/03600/03664/html/index.htm [18/08/2026] belegt in Pal Bacs
• MKÖ: Interview mit Shaul Spielmann. Mauthausen Komitee Österreich. Wien 2017. belegt in Shaul Spielmann
• MKÖ/ORF: Interview mit Shaul Spielmann. Mauthausen Komitee Österreich/Österreichischer Rundfunk. Wien 2016. belegt in Shaul Spielmann
• Zehava (Leitner) Kor, DUGO, The True Story of David (Dugo) Leitner, EN-Edition, Jerusalem 2016; The International School for Holocaust Studies Yad Vashem, e-Learning Department, My Father’s Last Request. The Story of David (Dugo) Leitner, documentary film, Israel 2022. belegt in David ‘Dugo’ Leitner
• Eger, Edith: Ich bin hier und alles ist jetzt. Warum wir uns jederzeit für die Freiheit entscheiden können, 2017, S. 125. belegt in Edith Eva Eger
• Michael Kraus, Drawing the Holocaust: A Teenager’s Memory of Terezin, Birkenau, and Mauthausen. Cincinnati, OH, 2015. Austin de Besche, Pilgrimage into the Past, documentary film, Boston 2002. belegt in Michael Kraus
• Müller, Therese: Als junge ungarische Jüdin im Holocaust: Aus Jászberény durch Auschwitz, das KZ-Außenlager Walldorf beim Flughafen Frankfurt am Main, Ravensbrück, Mauthausen und Gunskirchen nach Schweden. 1925–2007. Konstanz 2014. S. 135. belegt in Therese Müller
• Chanoch, Daniel; Gordin, Arik; Lieblich, Amia; Chanoch, Rachel: Erzählen um zu leben. Das Leben ist eine Frage von Sekunden und Millimetern. Mauthausen Komitee Österreich/Österreichische Lagergemeinschaft Mauthausen (Hrsg.). Wien 2021. belegt in Daniel Chanoch
• David Fisher, Six Million and One, documentary film Israel 2012; Joseph Fisher, Die Himmel waren vermauert. The Heavens Were Walled In. Vienna 2017. belegt in Joseph Fisher
• Gryn, Hugo: Chasing Shadows. Viking: 2000. belegt in Hugo Gryn
• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: ID Card Yitzhak (Irving) Balsam. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/id-card/yitzhak-irving-balsam [abgerufen am 20.09.2026] belegt in Yitzhak ‘Irving’ Balsam
• MKÖ: Interview mit Jehuda Gurvich. Mauthausen Komitee Österreich. belegt in Jehuda Gurvich
• Sinai Adler, Your Rod and Your Staff. A Young Man’s Chronicle of Survival. Jerusalem 1996; AMM OH/ZP1/703, interview by Kobi Kabalek with Sinai (Wolfgang) Adler, Mevasseret Zion 2002. belegt in Wolfgang Sinai Adler
• Michael Koller and Jürgen Lenssen [ed.], Jehuda Bacon, Malerei und Grafik [Jehuda Bacon, painting and graphics], Würzburg 2015; Angelika Schlackl, ‘Würde ich hassen, hätte Hitler gesiegt.’ Die tiefe Menschlichkeit des jüdischen Künstlers Jehuda Bacon. [‘If I were to hate, Hitler would have won’. The profound humanity of the Jewish artist Jehuda Bacon.] Brochure to accompany the theatre project of the same name and the ‘Jehuda Bacon’ exhibition. Linz 2019; Kurt and Angelika Schlackl, video interview with Jehuda Bacon, Jerusalem 2015. belegt in Jehuda Bacon
• Györgyi Lachapelle. DEGOB protocol 1312. Translated from Hungarian using www.deepl.com, edited by Angelika Schlackl. URL: degob.hu, 18/08/2026. belegt in Györgyi Lachapelle
• The International Institute for Holocaust Education at Yad Vashem, “I Rose From The Ashes” – The Story of Avigdor Neumann. Jerusalem 2025. Summary: Angelika Schlackl. belegt in Avigdor Neumann
• Yad Vashem Archives, audio interview with Eliyahu Herman, Record Group 0.3, 9972, tape number: 4468/033C, Jerusalem 22/04/1996, transcript: Gabi Herman, summary: Angelika Schlackl. belegt in Eliyahu Emil Herman
• Ernő Rosenberg. DEGOB protocol 3395. Translated from Hungarian using www.deepl.com, edited by Angelika Schlackl. URL: degob.hu, 18/08/2026. belegt in Ernő Rosenberg
• Willie Sterner, The Shadows Behind Me, Toronto 2010. belegt in Willie Sterner
• USHMM: RG-50.583.0019. Oral history interview with Nicholas Halmay. The Australian Jewish Historical Society. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC [undated]. belegt in Nicholas Halmay
• Kammerstätter, Peter: Der Todesmarsch ungarischer Juden von Mauthausen nach Gunskirchen im April 1945. Materialsammlung, Linz 1972. belegt in Stephan Virányi
• https://nevek.hdke.hu/en/person/124765 [abgerufen am 29.09.2026] belegt in Stephan Virányi